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Peripheral Diseases - Arterial (PAD) & Vascular (PVD)

Peripheral Vascular Disease (PVD). Diabetes also affects the flow of blood. Without good blood flow, it takes longer for a sore or cut to heal.

Poor blood flow in the arms and legs is called "peripheral vascular disease."

Peripheral vascular disease is a circulation disorder that affects blood vessels (arteries and veins) away from the heart. If you have an infection that will not heal because of poor blood flow, you are at risk for developing ulcers or gangrene (the death of tissue due to a lack of blood).

Amputation of the foot or leg may result to avoid the gangrene from spreading.

While there are many causes of peripheral vascular disease, doctors commonly use the term peripheral vascular disease to refer to peripheral artery disease (peripheral arterial disease, PAD), a condition that develops when the arteries that supply blood to the internal organs, arms, and legs become completely or partially blocked as a result of atherosclerosis.

An estimated one out of every three people with diabetes over the age of 50 have this condition.

Most of the narrowing in the arteries and viens occurs between the knees and the ankles resulting in markedly decreased circulation to the feet, hence the pain in the legs or feet when walking.

When walking the muscles require more blood supply to bring more oxygen to the muscles and remove toxins.

If the arteries are diseased the muscles do not get the extra blood they require and so toxins build up in the muscles causing them to ache and become weak.

When the arteries are severely narrowed or blocked, even at rest they cannot supply enough blood to the legs.

The part of the body furthest away from the heart is affected first, namely the toes and feet.

If the blood vessels to a portion of the legs or, more commonly, part of the feet become totally blocked or severely narrowed, then the part of the body supplied by those blood vessels dies ulcers and/or gangrene occur.

Any wound requires more blood than normal in order to heal. If that extra blood is not forthcoming the wound never heals and in fact dies back resulting in ulceration and/or dry black gangrene the toes or foot becomes dark purple.

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